what happened when. king george tried to dissolve parliament in 1830

Full general election held in the Great britain

1830 United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland general election

← 1826 29 July – 1 September 1830 (1830-07-29 – 1830-09-01) 1831 →
← outgoing members elected members →
All 658 seats in the House of Commons 330 seats needed for a majority
Showtime political party Second party Third party Leader Knuckles of Wellington Marquess of Lansdowne Sir Edward Knatchbull Party Tory Whig Ultra-Tories Leader since 22 Jan 1828 1824[i] 1829 Leader'due south seat Business firm of Lords House of Lords Kent Seats won 250 196 60 Seat change 178 ii threescore
Colours denote the winning political party[2]
The UK parliament after the 1830 election
Prime number Minister earlier election Duke of Wellington Tory Prime Minister after vote of no conviction Earl Grayness Whig

The 1830 Great britain full general ballot was triggered past the expiry of King George IV and produced the kickoff parliament of the reign of his successor, William Iv. Fought in the backwash of the Swing Riots, it saw electoral reform become a major election issue. Polling took place in July and August^[3] and the Tories won a plurality over the Whigs, but sectionalization amid Tory MPs allowed Earl Grayness to course an effective authorities and take the question of electoral reform to the country the post-obit year.

The 8th United kingdom Parliament was dissolved on 24 July 1830. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 14 September 1830, for a maximum seven-twelvemonth term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was concise, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament, before its term expired. This ballot was the outset since 1708 to cause the collapse of the authorities.^[4]

Political situation [edit]

The Tory leader, at the time of the 1830 election, was the Duke of Wellington. He had been Prime Minister since 1828.

The previous Parliament had been unstable, with both primary parties fractured. During the 1826–30 Parliament, there had been four Tory prime ministers. The Earl of Liverpool, who had been Prime Minister since 1812, was forced past sick wellness to retire in 1827.

George Canning, who had been Leader of the Business firm of Commons under Liverpool, became Prime Minister in early 1827. The Loftier Tories, led by the Duke of Wellington and Robert Peel, refused to serve in his government. Canning invited a section of the Whigs, including Lansdowne to join a coalition ministry with the Canningite faction of the Tories. Other Whigs, like Earl Grey, remained in opposition. Some Whigs similar Viscount Althorp adopted a neutral attitude to the authorities.

Later Canning'due south death in August 1827, the premiership passed to Viscount Goderich for a few more months, until Wellington took over on 22 Jan 1828. Those Whigs who had been in both Canning's and Goderich'due south governments returned to the Opposition. For a curt while a ring of MPs and peers who had been supporters of Canning (hence the Canningites) were in included in Wellington's authorities but left on the issue of the re-distribution of seats from the corrupt parliamentary civic of Due east Retford in May 1828.

There was a further split in the Tory administration in 1829 on the issue of Catholic emancipation when Daniel O'Connell and his Cosmic Clan won a parliamentary seat. O'Connell was legally barred from taking his seat in the Business firm of Commons because he was a Catholic, and then Wellington'south regime was forced to bring about a change only that led to another split in their party — this time with the cosmos of the 'Ultra-Tory' group led by Edward Knatchbull MP and supported by a number of influential peers in the Business firm of Lords.

There had not been a predominantly Whig administration since the Ministry of all the Talents in 1806–07. The Whig Party had had weak leadership, specially in the Business firm of Commons, for many years. Notwithstanding, during the 1826–30 Parliament the situation improved.

At the time of the general ballot, the Earl Grey was the leading figure amongst the Whig peers. Notwithstanding Gray had given up the formal leadership in 1824. The Marquess of Lansdowne was acting as leader, just had not taken up the title. The animosity which King George IV had to Earl Grey had barred him from government, but in the new reign his chances of part had improved.

There had been no official Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons since 1821, but in 1830 the Whigs selected Viscount Althorp to fill up the vacancy.

In Irish politics, Daniel O'Connell and his Cosmic Association had succeeded in obtaining Catholic emancipation in 1829. All the same this measure was accompanied with an increase in the property qualification for Irish county voters, from a £ii freehold to a £20 1. For the get-go time since the penal laws were enacted in the seventeenth century Catholics in Ireland could serve in Parliament. With emancipation achieved, O'Connell was free to pursue his other aim with a entrada for repeal of the Act of Spousal relationship.

Dates of election [edit]

At this period in that location was non one election twenty-four hour period. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the local returning officer fixed the election timetable for the item constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could keep for many days.

The full general ballot took identify between the first contest on 29 July and the last contest on 1 September 1830.

Summary of the constituencies [edit]

Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with two MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.

Table 1: Constituencies and MPs, past type and state

Country	BC	CC	UC	Total C	BMP	CMP	UMP	Total MPs
England	201	39	2	242	402	80	4	486
Wales	13	13	0	26	13	14	0	27
Scotland	fifteen	30	0	45	15	thirty	0	45
Ireland	33	32	1	66	35	64	one	100
Total	262	114	3	379	465	188	five	658

Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and land

Country	BCx1	BCx2	BCx4	CCx1	CCx2	CCx4	UCx1	UCx2	Total C
England	four	195	2	0	38	1	0	2	242
Wales	thirteen	0	0	12	ane	0	0	0	26
Scotland	xv	0	0	thirty	0	0	0	0	45
Ireland	31	2	0	0	32	0	ane	0	66
Total	63	197	2	42	71	one	one	2	379

Run across as well [edit]

• United Kingdom general elections
• Listing of MPs elected in the 1830 Great britain general ballot
• List of MPs elected in the 1832 United kingdom general election

References [edit]

1. ^ Lansdowne was the acting leader of the Whigs.
2. ^ Hatched constituencies each returned equal numbers of Whigs and Tories.
3. ^ The 1830 General Election
4. ^ B. Hilton,^{[ twelvemonth missing ]} A Mad, Bad and Unsafe People? ^{[ publisher missing ]}

Sources [edit]

• British Electoral Facts 1832–1999, compiled and edited past Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher (Ashgate Publishing Ltd 2000). Source: Dates of Elections – Footnote to Table v.02
• British Historical Facts 1760–1830, by Chris Cook and John Stevenson (The Macmillan Printing 1980). Source: Types of constituencies – Dandy United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland
• His Majesty'southward Opposition 1714–1830, by Archibald Due south. Foord (Oxford University Press 1964)
• Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland 1801–1922, edited by B.Thousand. Walker (Royal Irish gaelic Academy 1978). Source: Types of constituencies – Ireland

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election

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